Permanent mold casting involves pouring molten metal into reusable molds made of steel, iron, or other durable materials. The mold is designed to be used multiple times, allowing for high-volume production. The process typically uses lower pouring temperatures and produces parts with better surface finishes and finer detail compared to sand casting.

Applications: Automotive parts, machine components, and industrial parts.

Advantages:

• High precision and surface finish.
• Reusable molds reduce overall costs.
• Suitable for high-volume production.

Disadvantages:

• Mold design and fabrication can be costly.
• Limited to metals with lower melting points.